1,191 research outputs found

    Constitutional Talk: Exploring Institutional Scope Conditions for Effective Arguing

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    [From the introduction]. Arguing, understood as reason-giving, is all pervasive in international politics: Negotiating actors give reasons for their demands at almost any time, regardless of whether talks are con-ducted in public or behind closed doors. And yet, since negotiations have most often been conceived of as processes of bargaining in which actors seek to adjust their behavior through the exchange of threats and incentives, arguments have primarily been treated as rather epiphenomenal to strategic interaction. In this paper we argue that under certain circum-stances arguments affect negotiating actors’ preferences, and subsequently lead to outcomes that are not easily explained in pure bargaining terms. Arguing and bargaining as different modes of interaction, however, are not contending but rather complementing explanations. As a result, we have to ask which scope conditions are particularly conducive to enabling arguing to prevail in decentralized negotiations and, thus, to affect both process and outcome. In a structured-focused comparison of Intergovernmental Conferences (IGCs) with the European Convention we aim to unveil institutional factors that induce actors to take validity claims into account and change their preferences accordingly. At the example of negotiations on sim-plification and the single legal personality of the European Union we seek to demonstrate that the transparency of the debate in conjunction with a higher degree of uncertainty about appro-priate behavior made arguing in the Convention particularly effective

    International Relations Theory and European Integration

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    Europeanization; multilevel governance; institutionalism; institutionalisation; policy analysis

    Identity politics, core State powers and regional Integration: Europe and beyond

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    This article concentrates on the path from the development of collective identities to the integration of core state powers. Firstly, we focus on the European experience. We argue that the identities of political, economic, and social elites have been crucial for the evolution of European integration. With regard to mass public opinion, European integration has been made possible by a consensus of EU citizens with inclusive national identities. Most recently, the politicization of EU affairs in many member states has been driven by populist forces mobilizing minorities with exclusive nationalist identities. Secondly, we discuss the extent to which insights from Europe have travelled to other regions of the world. Elites involved in region‐building almost always develop identity narratives linking their national experience to the respective regions. Moreover, there is evidence that the difference between inclusive and exclusive nationalist identifications has also travelled beyond Europe

    The iCrawl Wizard -- Supporting Interactive Focused Crawl Specification

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    Collections of Web documents about specific topics are needed for many areas of current research. Focused crawling enables the creation of such collections on demand. Current focused crawlers require the user to manually specify starting points for the crawl (seed URLs). These are also used to describe the expected topic of the collection. The choice of seed URLs influences the quality of the resulting collection and requires a lot of expertise. In this demonstration we present the iCrawl Wizard, a tool that assists users in defining focused crawls efficiently and semi-automatically. Our tool uses major search engines and Social Media APIs as well as information extraction techniques to find seed URLs and a semantic description of the crawl intent. Using the iCrawl Wizard even non-expert users can create semantic specifications for focused crawlers interactively and efficiently.Comment: Published in the Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR) 201

    Configuration of Distributed Message Converter Systems using Performance Modeling

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    To find a configuration of a distributed system satisfying performance goals is a complex search problem that involves many design parameters, like hardware selection, job distribution and process configuration. Performance models are a powerful tools to analyse potential system configurations, however, their evaluation is expensive, such that only a limited number of possible configurations can be evaluated. In this paper we present a systematic method to find a satisfactory configuration with feasible effort, based on a two-step approach. First, using performance estimates a hardware configuration is determined and then the software configuration is incrementally optimized evaluating Layered Queueing Network models. We applied this method to the design of performant EDI converter systems in the financial domain, where increasing message volumes need to be handled due to the increasing importance of B2B interaction

    Zur "ReisefÀhigkeit" des Governance-Konzeptes

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    Ein zentrales theoretisches Problem des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses ĂŒber Governance be-steht darin, dass die sozialwissenschaftlichen Konzepte vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrung des Regierens in modernen und hoch entwickelten demokratischen Nationalstaaten der OECD-Welt formuliert wurden. Hieraus ergeben sich konzeptionelle Probleme hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf historische und gegenwĂ€rtige RĂ€ume begrenzter Staatlichkeit. Diese RĂ€ume befinden sich vornehmlich außerhalb der OECD-Welt und sind kulturell, religiös aber auch im Hinblick auf Akteurskonstellationen und Handlungsmodi anders strukturiert als der moderne Nationalstaat westlicher PrĂ€gung. Der Beitrag behandelt diese „ReisefĂ€higkeit“ des Governance-Konzeptes in andere Weltregionen und kulturellen Kontexte. Inwieweit sind die westlich geprĂ€gten Begrifflichkeiten auf diese ĂŒbertragbar, und welche Probleme stellen sich dabei? Was können wir umgekehrt fĂŒr die sozialwissenschaftliche Governance- Diskussion aus den Erfahrungen mit dem Regieren in RĂ€umen begrenzter Staatlichkeit lernen

    Actors, Modes, Institutions, and Resources

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    The absence of state authorities in areas of limited statehood does not equal anarchy, disorder, and chaos as the literature on failing and failed states often implies. Rather, we do find governance – both rule-making and the provision of collective goods – in areas of limited statehood that is both legitimate and effective under certain conditions. This paper presents a typology of governance configurations found empirically in our various research projects. The typology does not represent the universe of possible configurations; rather, I concentrate on governance configurations that the research projects of our Collaborative Research Center have reported in various publications. Thus, this paper represents a first effort to systematize what we see empirically. The typology is informed by various analytical distinctions and di-mensions, such as the type of actors involved in governance, the modes of governance, the institutional embeddedness of the configurations, and the material and ideational resources of actors, as well as their consequences for power (a)symmetries.Die Abwesenheit staatlicher AutoritĂ€t und RechtsdurchsetzungsfĂ€higkeit in RĂ€umen begrenzter Staatlichkeit impliziert nicht Anarchie, Chaos und Unordnung, wie die Literatur zu zerfal-len(d)en Staaten hĂ€ufig behauptet. Stattdessen finden wir vielfĂ€ltige Formen von effektiver und legitimer Governance – sowohl im Bereich der Regelsetzung als auch bezĂŒglich der Bereitstellung von Kollektiv-GĂŒtern. Dieses Arbeitspapier stellt einen ersten Versuch der systematischen Typologisierung der verschiedenen Governance- Konfigurationen dar, die wir in den Projekten des Sonderforschungsbereiches empirisch vorfinden. Die Typologie orientiert sich an verschiedenen analytischen Unterscheidungen und Dimensionen. Dazu zĂ€hlen die Akteurstypen, die in Governance involviert sind, die Modi der Handlungskoordination (hierarchisch und nicht-hierarchisch), die institutionelle Einbettung der Konfigurationen sowie die materiellen und ideellen Ressourcen der Governance- Akteure und der Konsequenzen fĂŒr die Machtverteilung

    EuropÀische IdentitÀt im HÀrtetest

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    1\. EinfĂŒhrung 5 2\. Was sind kollektive IdentitĂ€ten, und was ist europĂ€ische IdentitĂ€t? 6 3\. Und sie bewegt sich doch: Die EuropĂ€isierung nationaler IdentitĂ€ten 8 4\. SolidaritĂ€t in der Krise? EuropĂ€ische IdentitĂ€t auf dem PrĂŒfstand 11 5\. Schlussfolgerungen 17 Bibliographie 19Die Euro-Krise ist nicht nur ein HĂ€rtetest fĂŒr die europĂ€ische Integration, sondern auch fĂŒr die vielbe­schworene „SolidaritĂ€t unter Fremden“ und fĂŒr die Annahme, dass europĂ€ische IdentitĂ€t zu dieser SolidaritĂ€t fĂŒhrt. Jetzt muss sich zeigen, ob EuropĂ€erinnen und EuropĂ€er – insbesondere diejenigen in den reichen SchuldnerlĂ€ndern – bereit sind, sich die EuropĂ€ische Union (EU) und den Euro etwas kosten zu lassen und den sĂŒdeuropĂ€ischen KrisenlĂ€ndern aus der Patsche zu helfen (allerdings nicht bedingungslos). Ich argumentiere auf der Grundlage von Meinungsumfragen und statistischen Analysen, dass Grund fĂŒr vorsichtigen Optimismus besteht. Erstens hat die Identifikation mit Europa und die UnterstĂŒtzung der EU wĂ€hrend der Krise nicht wesentlich abgenommen. Zweitens sind europĂ€ische BĂŒrgerinnen und BĂŒrger bereit, SolidaritĂ€t zu zeigen mit den Schuldenstaaten – sofern diese ihre Staatshaushalte und Bankensysteme unter Kontrolle bringen. Drittens sind UnionsbĂŒrgerinnen und –bĂŒrger zunehmend willens, sich wechselseitig als EuropĂ€er gleiche politische und soziale Rechte zuzubilligen

    Regieren in RÀumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit : Zur ReisefÀhigkeit des Governance-Konzeptes

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    Ein zentrales theoretisches Problem des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses ĂŒber Governance besteht darin, dass die sozialwissenschaftlichen Konzepte vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrung des Regierens in modernen und hoch entwickelten demokratischen Nationalstaaten der OECD-Welt formuliert wurden. Hieraus ergeben sich konzeptionelle Probleme hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf historische und gegenwĂ€rtige RĂ€ume begrenzter Staatlichkeit. Diese RĂ€ume befinden sich vornehmlich außerhalb der OECD-Welt und sind kulturell, religiös aber auch im Hinblick auf Akteurskonstellationen und Handlungsmodi anders strukturiert als der moderne Nationalstaat westlicher PrĂ€gung. Der Beitrag behandelt diese „ReisefĂ€higkeit“ des Governance-Konzeptes in andere Weltregionen und kulturellen Kontexte. Inwieweit sind die westlich geprĂ€gten Begrifflichkeiten auf diese ĂŒbertragbar, und welche Probleme stellen sich dabei? Was können wir umgekehrt fĂŒr die sozialwissenschaftliche Governance-Diskussion aus den Erfahrungen mit dem Regieren in RĂ€umen begrenzter Staatlichkeit lernen?It constitutes a major problem of the discourse on governance that the respective social science concepts have been formulated against the background of governance in modern and highly industrialized democratic nation-states of the OECD world. This leads to conceptual problems with regard to the applicability to historical and contemporary areas of limited statehood. These areas are mostly located outside the OECD world and differ structurally from modern Western nation-states with regard to cultural, religious aspects as well as concerning configurations of actors and modes of action. The paper discusses the extent to which the governance concept “travels” in different world regions and cultural contexts. To what extent are Western concepts transferable, and which problems arise? And what can we learn for the debate on governance in the social sciences from the experiences in areas of limited statehood

    The Diffusion of Regionalism, Regional Institutions, Regional Governance

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    Introduction: This chapter begins by conceptualizing diffusion in terms of initial stimuli, items of diffusion (that what is being diffused), mechanisms, and outcomes (for a similar attempt see Solingen, 2012; Klingler-Vidra and Schleifer, 2014). I distinguish between direct and indirect mecha-nisms of diffusion and also differentiate between adoption/convergence and adapta-tion/localization as diffusion outcomes. I then review the existing literature on the diffusion of regional organization (RO) focusing, first, on the diffusion of regionalism and regional orders, second, of institutional designs for regional organizations, and, third, of regional governance pertaining to specific policy areas. On the whole, the literature confirms that most ROs are created to solve regional conflicts or provide solutions for collective action problems (demand side). However, direct as well as indirect diffusion mechanisms account for the specific insti-tutional designs of ROs and for the spread of policies among ROs (supply side). As to diffu-sion outcomes, different modes of adaptation and localization seem to prevail. I conclude with some remarks on avenues for future research
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